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Growth habit

Papaya likes a tropical climate with high temperature and humidity. It is not cold-tolerant and will wither when it encounters frost. Because the root system is shallow, avoid gale and water accumulation. The requirements for geothermal are not strict, and it can be cultivated in hills and mountains. It has strong adaptability to the soil, but it is better to grow in loose and fertile sandy loam or loam.

It is most suitable for planting in warm areas with an average annual temperature of 22～25℃ and annual rainfall of 1500～2000 mm. The suitable growth temperature is 25～32℃. The temperature around 10℃ tends to grow slowly, and young organs begin to suffer from freezing damage at 5℃. Leaves withered at 0°C. Too high temperature is also detrimental to growth and development. The soil has strong adaptability, but it is suitable to be acidic to neutral.

Cultivation Techniques

Germination treatment

Before sowing, the seeds are disinfected with 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 600 times solution, washed after 20 minutes, and then soaked with 1% baking soda solution for 5 hours. After washing, the seeds are soaked in clear water for 24 hours. Germination is carried out at 36°C in a wet box. Sow until the seed coat is white.

Sowing

Sowing from mid-to-late October to early November. Sow 2~3 seeds on the bag surface for each nutrient bag, and cover a layer of nutrient soil after sowing. It is better to cover the seeds. Then pour plenty of water, cover with a film, and control the temperature between 30-40℃. After the seedlings are arched, the temperature of the seedling shed should be controlled at 20~30℃. The seedling period is about 3 months.

Seedbed management

Always keep the soil moist after sowing. When the seedling grows 2~3 true leaves, reduce the water appropriately, and the optimum temperature in the seedling shed is 20~25℃. Start fertilizing when 4 to 5 true leaves are drawn, spray 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, once a week, alternate sprays, spray 3 times in a row, and start to gradually refine the seedlings. Spray fungicide and insecticide once before refining seedlings to prevent pests. When 7 to 9 true leaves grow, and the seedling height is about 20cm, it can be planted.

Colonization

1. Site selection and site preparation

Choose plots with fertile and loose soil, shelter from wind and sunshine, and good drainage and irrigation. Transplant at the right time on a sunny day, with a spacing of 1.5m×2.4m

2. Colonization

When planting, remove the nutrient bag, do not loosen the nutrient soil mass, and do not damage the roots. The planting should not be too deep, and the soil layer should be slightly higher than the root neck. After planting, water enough root water and cover the tree tray with dry straw. Pay attention to frequent watering to keep the soil moist.

Field management

temperature

The suitable temperature for growth and development of papaya is 25~32℃, and the starting temperature of growth is 16℃. When it is lower than 12℃, the growth basically stops, and it will suffer from cold damage when it is lower than 6℃, and it will die at 0℃. The temperature above 35°C affects the development of flowers, tends to male and causes flower and fruit drop. The suitable temperature for papaya seed germination is 30~32℃, lower than 23℃ and higher than 40℃ is not good for germination.

nutrition

Papaya tree body growth and fruit development require a lot of nutrients. It is sensitive to nutritional conditions and has obvious symptoms of cable deficiency. In addition to N, P, K, and Ca, it also requires Mg, Fe, B, Mn, and Cu. , Zn and other trace elements. Papaya is a K-loving plant, so it is important to apply K fertilizer in its production. Papaya lacks B and is prone to tumor diseases.

Moisture

The growth and development of papaya requires sufficient and uniform water supply. Moist soil without accumulation of water is the guarantee of high yield, stable yield and high quality. Insufficient soil moisture, slow plant growth, slender stems and leaves, poor flowering and fruiting; too much moisture, poor root ventilation, will cause rotten roots and dead seedlings.

Air

Papaya is a kind of clean fruit tree that requires high air quality. In greenhouse cultivation, due to the limitation of ventilation conditions and the need for winter heat preservation, the air quality in the greenhouse is generally not very good. If improper fertilization produces ammonia, The soot produced by heating with coal in the cold season or due to excessive concentrations of air pollutants SO2, HF, and nitrogen oxides will cause leaf disease. Therefore, the greenhouse cultivation should pay attention to ventilation to avoid harmful gases in winter and spring. Accumulate damage. If the greenhouse really needs to be heated in winter, try not to use coal.

Illumination

Papaya has high requirements for light, strong light, strong plants, thick rhizomes, short internodes, wide and thick leaves, thin stems, long internodes and petioles, thin leaves, underdeveloped flower buds, and less fruit set under insufficient light conditions. , The fruit is small. Lack of light when the fruit is ripe will affect the fruit quality. Therefore, high-yield and high-quality cultivation is best to choose sunlight greenhouse cultivation with good light conditions. In solar greenhouse cultivation, the shed film can be uncovered from June to September and transferred to open-air cultivation to enhance light and reduce temperature. However, in the high temperature and strong light season in July and August, proper shading should be considered to prevent the fruits from being sunburned. Affect the quality.